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The peroxiredoxin family was discovered approximately 30 years ago and is now recognized as one of the most important families of enzymes related to antioxidant defense and cellular signaling. Peroxiredoxin 6 shares the basic enzymatic functions that characterize this family, but also exhibits several unique and crucial activities. These include the ability to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, phospholipase A2 activity, and an acyl transferase activity that is important in phospholipid remodeling. This book describes the available models for investigating the unique functions of PRDX6 and its role in normal physiological function, as well its roles in the pathophysiology of diseases including cancer, diseases of the eye, and male fertility.

n/a --- NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase --- sperm capacitation --- phospholipid hydroperoxide --- cornea --- peroxidase --- phospholipase A2 --- 1-Cys Prdx --- knock-in mouse --- drug delivery --- antioxidant activity --- sulfinic acid --- radioprotection --- spermatozoa --- peroxiredoxin 6 --- mass spectroscopic analysis --- knockout mouse --- phospholipase A2 activity --- liposomes --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- lipid peroxidation --- PLA2 activity --- ionizing radiation --- glutathione peroxidase --- Peroxiredoxin --- Prdx6 structure --- membrane repair --- substrate binding --- inflammation --- reactive oxygen species --- Prdx6 --- sulfonic/sulfinic acid --- Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy --- endothelium --- fertilization --- peroxidatic cysteine --- thioredoxin fold --- redox balance --- surfactant protein A --- diabetes --- oxidative stress --- Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy

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Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection.

Medicine --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes’ health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety --- n/a --- athletes' health

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Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection.

Medicine --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes’ health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety --- n/a --- athletes' health

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Iron–sulfur (FeS) centers are essential protein cofactors in all forms of life. They are involved in many key biological processes. In particular, Fe-S centers not only serve as enzyme cofactors in catalysis and electron transfer, they are also indispensable for the biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors. Among these cofactors are the molybdenum (Moco) and tungsten (Wco) cofactors. Both Moco/Wco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins, which insert them into recipient apo-proteins. Moco/Wco cofactors are composed of a tricyclic pterin compound, with the metal coordinated to its unique dithiolene group. Moco/Wco biosynthesis starts with an Fe-S cluster-dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. The current lack of knowledge of the connection of the assembly/biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors is due to the sheer complexity of their synthesis with regard to both the (genetic) regulation and (chemical) metal center assembly. Studies on these metal-cofactors/cofactor-containing enzymes are important for understanding fundamental cellular processes. They will also provide a comprehensive view of the complex biosynthesis and the catalytic mechanism of metalloenzymes that underlie metal-related human diseases.

CO dehydrogenase --- dihydrogen --- hydrogenase --- quantum/classical modeling --- density functional theory --- metal–dithiolene --- pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes --- fold-angle --- tungsten enzymes --- electronic structure --- pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect --- thione --- molybdenum cofactor --- Moco --- mixed-valence complex --- dithiolene ligand --- tetra-nuclear nickel complex --- X-ray structure --- magnetic moment --- formate hydrogenlyase --- hydrogen metabolism --- energy conservation --- MRP (multiple resistance and pH)-type Na+/H+ antiporter --- CCCP—carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone --- EIPA—5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) --- electron transfer --- enzyme kinetics --- enzyme structure --- formate dehydrogenase --- carbon assimilation --- Moco biosynthesis --- Fe-S cluster assembly --- l-cysteine desulfurase --- ISC --- SUF --- NIF --- iron --- molybdenum --- sulfur --- tungsten cofactor --- aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase --- benzoyl-CoA reductase --- acetylene hydratase --- [Fe]-hydrogenase --- FeGP cofactor --- guanylylpyridinol --- conformational changes --- X-ray crystallography --- iron-sulfur cluster --- persulfide --- metallocofactor --- frataxin --- Friedreich’s ataxia --- n/a --- metal-dithiolene --- pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect --- CCCP-carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone --- EIPA-5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride --- Friedreich's ataxia

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A powerful framework for understanding how natural selection shapes adaptation and biological designDesign and diversity are the two great challenges in the study of life. Microbial Life History draws on the latest advances in microbiology to describe the fundamental forces of biological design and apply these evolutionary processes to a broad diversity of traits in microbial metabolism and biochemistry.Emphasizing how to formulate and test hypotheses of adaptation, Steven Frank provides a new foundation for exploring the evolutionary forces of design. He discusses the economic principles of marginal valuations, tradeoffs, and payoffs in risky and random environments; the social aspects of conflict and cooperation; the demographic aspects of age and spatial heterogeneity; and the engineering control theory principles by which systems adjust to environments. Frank then applies these evolutionary principles to the biochemistry of microbial metabolism, providing the first comprehensive link between the forces that shape biological design and cellular energetics.Tracing how natural selection sculpts metabolism, Microbial Life History provides new perspectives on the life histories of organisms, from growth rate and survival to dispersal and defense against attack. Along the way, this incisive book addresses the conceptual and philosophical challenges confronting evolutionary biologists and other practitioners who study biological design and seek to apply its lessons.

Microbial metabolism --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution. --- Allele frequency. --- Availability. --- Bacteria. --- Bacteroides. --- Biochemistry. --- Biomass (ecology). --- Biomass. --- Carbon. --- Catabolism. --- Causality. --- Cell membrane. --- Complication (horology). --- Computer scientist. --- Computer simulation. --- Contexts. --- Covariance. --- Covariate. --- Credibility. --- David Spergel. --- Distrust. --- Electron acceptor. --- Electron transport chain. --- Employment. --- Environmental factor. --- Enzyme. --- Equilibrium (puzzle). --- Escherichia coli. --- Fecundity. --- Feed forward (control). --- Fermentation. --- Fitness (biology). --- Fitness landscape. --- Gamma ray. --- Genetic correlation. --- Genotype. --- Glucose uptake. --- Glucose. --- Glycine. --- Glycolysis. --- Heat transfer. --- Hydrogen sulfide. --- Innovation. --- International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. --- Kin selection. --- Laboratory. --- Laser. --- Likelihood function. --- Low frequency. --- Measurement. --- Metabolism. --- Metabolite. --- Metallicity. --- Microbial metabolism. --- Microbiology. --- Microorganism. --- Molecule. --- Monosaccharide. --- Mutation rate. --- National Science Foundation. --- Natural environment. --- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. --- One-Step. --- Optics. --- Organism. --- Oxidative stress. --- Parameter. --- Pareto efficiency. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic trait. --- Prediction. --- Probability. --- Processing (Chinese materia medica). --- Protein. --- Proteome. --- Redox. --- Reproductive success. --- Reproductive value (population genetics). --- Robotic telescope. --- Secretion. --- Selection coefficient. --- Siderophore. --- Sociality. --- Star system. --- Stellar mass. --- Stimulation. --- Subset. --- Sulfate-reducing bacteria. --- Sulfate. --- Sulfide. --- Sunset provision. --- Synthetic biology. --- Technology. --- Toxin. --- Trade-off. --- Trait theory. --- Unit sphere. --- Virulence. --- Weighting. --- rRNA Operon.